貴州井式回火爐與其他化學熱處理一樣﹐也包含 3 個基本過程：（1）分解 ：滲碳介質的分解產生活性碳原子。（2）吸附：活性碳原子被鋼件表面吸收后即溶到表層奧氏體中﹐使奧氏體中含碳量增加。（3）擴散 ：表面含碳量增加便與心部含碳量出現濃度差，表面的碳遂向內部擴散。碳在鋼中的擴散速度主要取決于溫度﹐同時與工件中被滲元素內外 濃度差和鋼中合金元素含量有關。先把它分離開來，然后用分出來的東西去吸引其他別的，在把這些擴散出去。供應井式回火爐整(zheng)體上(shang)的流程就是這個(ge)樣子了(le)，假如您在頭一個(ge)環(huan)節就沒(mei)有操控好(hao)的話，那么在后面(mian)的環(huan)節就不能進行(xing)下去(qu)了(le)，所以別看滲(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)的熱處(chu)理和別的沒(mei)什(shen)么不同，假如您操作失當(dang)也是會影響滲(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)的！

1)采(cai)用(yong)中(zhong)冷(leng)連(lian)續式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐進行(xing)(xing)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)、緩冷(leng)和(he)(he)再加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)淬火(huo)，可(ke)以(yi)細化材料(liao)(liao)的(de)晶(jing)(jing)粒(li)度(du)和(he)(he)顯微(wei)組織，并提高材料(liao)(liao)的(de)彎曲疲勞強(qiang)度(du)、抗沖擊性(xing)能、接觸疲勞性(xing)能及(ji)耐磨性(xing)能。 2)采(cai)用(yong)中(zhong)冷(leng)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐進行(xing)(xing)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)、緩冷(leng)和(he)(he)再加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)淬火(huo)，不僅可(ke)以(yi)使20MnVB、20MnTi2B、18CrMnB及(ji)20CrMnMo、20Cr等(deng)(deng)粗晶(jing)(jing)粒(li)鋼工(gong)(gong)件進行(xing)(xing)大批(pi)量(liang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)，簡化熱(re)(re)處理工(gong)(gong)藝，提高熱(re)(re)處理生產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)成本(ben)，而且(qie)還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)使工(gong)(gong)件獲得合格的(de)與比較(jiao)細小(xiao)的(de)晶(jing)(jing)粒(li)度(du)和(he)(he)顯微(wei)組織。 3)對于Cr-Ni、Cr-Ni-Mo等(deng)(deng)含(han)Ni材料(liao)(liao)，尤其(qi)是含(han)Ni量(liang)較(jiao)高的(de)材料(liao)(liao)，通過中(zhong)冷(leng)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐進行(xing)(xing)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)、緩冷(leng)和(he)(he)再加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)淬火(huo)，并采(cai)用(yong)較(jiao)低(di)(di)碳(tan)(tan)勢、適當溫度(du)和(he)(he)較(jiao)長周期的(de)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)工(gong)(gong)藝，降(jiang)低(di)(di)了殘(can)留奧氏體量(liang)，使工(gong)(gong)件的(de)金相組織達到了產(chan)(chan)品的(de)技術要求，因此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)實現部分含(han)Ni較(jiao)高工(gong)(gong)件的(de)大批(pi)量(liang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)直接淬火(huo)

試著解釋如下(xia)：1、滲(shen)氮爐(lu)的(de)基本爐(lu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)氨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)＋氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)＋氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其中(zhong)(zhong)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和氨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)都是可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體,與(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合至一(yi)定比例范圍時,遇(yu)(yu)明火（含(han)火星）或(huo)者達到著火溫(wen)度(du)（510℃以上）即(ji)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒,在密封容器中(zhong)(zhong)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)炸(zha),敞口(kou)容器中(zhong)(zhong)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)。2、此(ci)時爐(lu)溫(wen)已在200℃以下(xia),打(da)開爐(lu)蓋(gai),盡管有(you)(you)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)入,在沒有(you)(you)明火點燃(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)情況下(xia),本應該不(bu)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)生氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒（爆(bao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)）現(xian)象(xiang)。3、當然,這(zhe)其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)個問(wen)題,即(ji)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是強還(huan)原(yuan)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體,隨爐(lu)冷卻過程中(zhong)(zhong)它會(hui)將散落在爐(lu)罐內的(de)呈微粒（灰塵）狀態(tai)的(de)鐵(tie)氮化物(wu)還(huan)原(yuan)成鐵(tie)粉.我們知道(dao)微小的(de)還(huan)原(yuan)鐵(tie)粉遇(yu)(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)會(hui)強烈(lie)氧化而發(fa)(fa)熱(re),溫(wen)度(du)急劇升高(gao)而成為(wei)(wei)火星,另外(wai)氮碳共滲(shen)過程中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)能沉積的(de)活性(xing)炭(tan)粉遇(yu)(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也會(hui)氧化成為(wei)(wei)火星.火星點燃(ran)(ran)(ran)“氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（氨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）－空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”混合氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),于是出現(xian)爆(bao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)現(xian)。

給(gei)大(da)家介紹下常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熱處(chu)理(li)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)爐(lu)爐(lu)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇：1．對(dui)(dui)于不(bu)能成(cheng)批(pi)定(ding)型(xing)(xing)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，工件(jian)大(da)小不(bu)相(xiang)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，種(zhong)類(lei)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，要求工藝(yi)上(shang)具有通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性、多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)爐(lu)。2．加熱長(chang)軸類(lei)及(ji)(ji)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絲桿，管(guan)子等(deng)(deng)工件(jian)時，可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)深井式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)爐(lu)。3．小批(pi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲碳零(ling)件(jian)，可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)井式(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)體滲碳爐(lu)。4．對(dui)(dui)于大(da)批(pi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車、拖拉機齒輪等(deng)(deng)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)連續式(shi)(shi)(shi)滲碳生產(chan)(chan)線或箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)爐(lu)。5．對(dui)(dui)沖(chong)壓件(jian)板材坯(pi)(pi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱大(da)批(pi)量(liang)生產(chan)(chan)時，最好(hao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滾動爐(lu)，輥底爐(lu)。6．對(dui)(dui)成(cheng)批(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)型(xing)(xing)零(ling)件(jian)，生產(chan)(chan)上(shang)可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)推桿式(shi)(shi)(shi)或傳送帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)阻爐(lu)（推桿爐(lu)或鑄帶爐(lu)）7．小型(xing)(xing)機械零(ling)件(jian)如：螺釘，螺母(mu)等(deng)(deng)可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)振(zhen)底式(shi)(shi)(shi)爐(lu)或網(wang)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)爐(lu)。8．鋼球及(ji)(ji)滾柱熱處(chu)理(li)可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)內螺旋(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回轉管(guan)爐(lu)。9．有色(se)金(jin)屬錠坯(pi)(pi)在大(da)批(pi)量(liang)生產(chan)(chan)時可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)推桿式(shi)(shi)(shi)爐(lu)，而對(dui)(dui)有色(se)金(jin)屬小零(ling)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)材料可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)空氣(qi)循環加熱爐(lu)。

為(wei)(wei)大家介紹一(yi)下井式滲碳(tan)爐具有(you)哪些(xie)優(you)勢？產(chan)(chan)品(pin)無(wu)內(nei)氧化，變形小(xiao)。滲層控制精度高(gao)，計(ji)算(suan)機模擬控制精度可(ke)達±0.05mm;處理后產(chan)(chan)品(pin)表面呈銀灰色光(guang)亮(liang)狀(zhuang)，可(ke)不(bu)(bu)經清(qing)(qing)洗、清(qing)(qing)理拋丸工(gong)序；在(zai)(zai)低壓(ya)和(he)高(gao)溫(wen)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，滲碳(tan)過程可(ke)以大大縮短，輔助(zhu)消耗大為(wei)(wei)減(jian)少；無(wu)火簾，無(wu)排氣口(kou)，無(wu)油(you)煙，無(wu)油(you)槽，加熱室采(cai)用冷壁型爐體設(she)計(ji)，對環(huan)境影(ying)響(xiang)小(xiao)；可(ke)用于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同產(chan)(chan)量及(ji)不(bu)(bu)同熱處理方式，每個滲碳(tan)室相當(dang)于(yu)一(yi)臺多用爐。這(zhe)是(shi)由于(yu)具有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)優(you)勢才會(hui)取代(dai)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)得到使(shi)用的(de)(de)廣泛性，而且低壓(ya)真(zhen)(zhen)空滲碳(tan)爐廠家的(de)(de)人可(ke)以告訴我們，現(xian)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)已經是(shi)成為(wei)(wei)了主流的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，而且隨(sui)著低壓(ya)真(zhen)(zhen)空滲碳(tan)爐的(de)(de)性能(neng)不(bu)(bu)斷被挖掘(jue)，相信以后使(shi)用的(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu)也(ye)是(shi)會(hui)不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)擴(kuo)大。